[Prefatory Remark: I post today the historic outcome of Gaza People’s Tribunal Final Session in Istanbul, May 23-26. The Jury composed of persons of diverse backgrounds, but joined by lives vividly committed to a lives of engaged citizenship, progressive political consciousness, with actions guided by the deep roots of conscience. The GPT was designed to honor these same features with a particular emphasis on serving as an instrument of truth-telling with respect to the Palestinian ordeal resulting from the Hamas-led attack of October 7, 2023. To expose the truth that emerges from respecting reality and evidence is necessary because of state propaganda and a filtered, biased media that either hides or slants the truth, even to the extent of punitive and lethal action against independent journalists and dismissing as irrelevant the rulings of the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court.
Its formation inspired by the Russell Tribunal of 1966-67 that reacted to US crimes in the Vietnam War that were not resisted, or even exposed by the organized international community as embodied in the UN. When institutions fail to implement international law in extreme situation people of conscience must act. Israel has become a rogue or pariah state becuase the peoples of the world have reacted, but it is not enough. Palestinian rights must be realized, and future of peace must be shaped by the victims of criminality, not by the perpetrators.]
FINAL STATEMENT OF THE GAZA TRIBUNAL JURY OF CONSCIENCE
Istanbul, October 26, 2025
We, the undersigned members of the Jury of Conscience, hereby deliver this Statement of Findings and Moral Judgment
at the final session of the Gaza Tribunal. The Jury, guided by conscience and informed by international law, does not speak
with the authority of states, but when law is silenced by power, conscience must become the final tribunal.
The Tribunal is not a court of law so does not purport to determine guilt or liability of any person, organization or state. It is a
civil society response to the continuing lack of accountability for the commission by Israel of genocide in the Gaza Strip. We
believe that genocide must be named and documented and that impunity feeds continuing violence throughout the globe.
Genocide in Gaza is the concern of all humanity. When states are silent civil society can and must speak out.
The Gaza Tribunal has brought together a wealth of material in a valuable archive, the existence of which provides lasting
evidence of the truth of the genocide against the Palestinian people. The Jury expresses solidarity with the rallies, the
marches, the encampments, the flotillas, the strikes and other actions that protest the genocide and states’ unwillingness
to hold Israel to account. And it offers a counter-narrative to the security narrative Israel and its allies persistently broadcast
and to the labelling of Palestinian suffering as a humanitarian disaster. It is not. It is the deliberate commission of the gravest
of crimes, imposed with dire humanitarian consequences.
We have heard extensive evidence of the crimes committed by Israel, of the causes of the genocide, of the collusion by and
complicity of other actors, of courageous resistance and resilience by Palestinians and by global civil society. We have heard
moving personal testimonies of the physical and mental harms wrought by these crimes and the suffering of the Palestinian
people.
This concluding statement presents our findings based upon this evidence and the legal standards of the Genocide
Convention, the human rights treaties, the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, and the moral imperatives of
natural justice. Yet above all, this decision is grounded in the unyielding belief that every human life has equal worth, and that
no state or ideology has the right to destroy an entire people.
Our decision builds upon the testimonies, oral and written, the expert evidence and the research and analytical papers
carried out by many people over the past months. It reiterates and endorses the Sarajevo Declaration adopted in May 2025.
Israel’s Crimes
The Jury condemns the ongoing genocide and crimes listed below. We believe these crimes and their impact on the Palestinian
people should be separately named to understand the holistic nature of the genocide, its dehumanisation of the people,
its sadistic character and its temporality. These crimes did not commence in October 2023 and they will not end with the
ceasefire; deaths and severe physical harm will continue. The physical and psychological trauma of the surviving population
will be transmitted through the generations.
The Jury condemns the commission of the following additional crimes:
Starvation and famine through the deliberate denial of food, water and systematic destruction of the entire food system.
Domicide is more than the intentional mass destruction of residential properties and their infrastructure – electricity,
water and sanitation. A home is about love, life, a repository of memories, hopes and aspiration. Its destruction causes
displacement, trauma, the disintegration of communities and profound cultural loss.
Ecocide describes a particular kind of warfare based on ruination of land fertility, air quality, sources of food and water:
catastrophic environmental damage that destroys the capacity to survive after the bombing ceases.
Deliberate destruction and targeting of the healthcare infrastructure, equipment and personnel have been
systematic for decades and has become almost total. The most important issue for physical and mental health is the
Israeli occupation and the dehumanisation of the population.
Reprocide is the intentional and systematic targeting of Palestinian reproductive care through prevention of births,
eliminating future lives and the ability to reproduce safely.
Scholasticide is the genocide of knowledge, the destruction of Palestine’s intellectual future through the killing, silencing
and displacing a generation of students and teachers, obliteration of schools and universities, destroying dreams andaspirations.
Attacks on journalists. ‘Genocide documentation’ is carried out by Palestinian journalists and they and their families
are targeted. Silencing these journalists is instrumental to the concealment of the genocide and more journalists have
been killed than in any other conflict.
Torture, sexual violence, disappearances, gender-based violence in detention, at checkpoints, in house searches, in
displacement and elsewhere.
Politicide is the targeted assassination and kidnapping of political and cultural leaders, representatives, activists, and
destruction of civic institutions.
The Jury finds a coherent and consistent pattern of exterminatory violence in the intentional and targeted destruction of
homes, water supplies, schools, hospitals, clinics, universities, cultural and religious institutions, agricultural land, and natural
ecosystems. The weaponization of hunger, denial of medical care, and forced displacement are not collateral damages of
war—they are instruments of collective punishment of the entire population and of genocide. They are not justified by any
claim of military objectives.
Complicity and Collusion
The Jury finds Western governments, particularly the United States, and others complicit in, in some cases colluding with,
Israel’s commission of genocide through provision of diplomatic cover, weapons, weapon parts, intelligence, military
assistance and training, and continuing economic relations. Such actions constitute moral failure and breach of their legal
duty to prevent genocide and to cooperate to end a violation of a peremptory norm of international law – genocide and the
Palestinian right to self-determination. Silence and inaction in the face of genocide are not an option and are other forms of
complicity.
The Jury finds a range of non-state actors to be complicit in genocide. Biased media reporting in the west on Palestine and
under-reporting of Israeli crimes conform to the economic and political interest of the ruling elites and their allied interests.
Academic institutions through their investments support Israel; staff and student endorsements of Palestine are silenced
or disciplined.
Israel survives through militarisation; global supply chains sustain the genocide through weapons, banks, technology,
transportation, and other multinational corporations. The hi-technology sector sustains the machinery of genocide by
manipulating contents through algorithms, and allowing Israel to watch and plan every airstrike and assassination. Companies
that sell cloud capacity to Israel provide the computer power for genocide. The Jury considers that the political economy of
genocide is the highest form of hyper imperialism of the 21st century.
The Jury finds the current global order, structured by power hierarchies and economic dependencies, to have revealed its
incapacity to prevent or punish atrocity crimes when committed by the powerful or their allies. The United Nations, paralyzed
by the veto and political selectivity, has abdicated its foundational responsibility “to save succeeding generations from the
scourge of war.”
The Jury however commends the UNHRC special procedures, including the Commission of Inquiry and especially the
steadfastness of the special rapporteur on the occupied Palestinian territories, Francesca Albanese, for their affirmation of
genocide.
Conclusions
The Jury affirms that Israel is perpetrating an ongoing genocide against the Palestinian people in Gaza, within—and enabled
by—a broader settler-colonial apartheid regime rooted in the supremacist ideology of Zionism. This campaign is inseparable
from over a century-long project targeting Palestinians across all of Palestine and in exile. The root causes of genocide lie in
a racist, supremacist ideology—Zionism—that underpins a system aiming to dispossess, dominate, and erase Palestinians,
supported by an oppressive neo-colonial power structure led by the United States and its allies, and shielded by international
complicity, including from many Arab and Muslim governments.
The Jury considers the genocide in Gaza to have several exceptional characteristics. It is perpetuated on a captive population
in a tiny, closed territory where Israel controls all entries and exits. It is systematic and carried out with the most advanced
technology. Despite Israel’s attempts to prevent reporting, it is highly visible in real time. There has been resort to international
judicial bodies, the International Court of Justice by South Africa and the request for an Advisory Opinion by the UN GeneralAssembly with respect to UNRWA and the arrest warrants issued by the ICC, yet these have been ignored with impunity by
Israel and other states have made little real protest and minimal sanctions have been imposed. Indeed, it is the ICC personnel
and NGOs assisting the Court that have been sanctioned by the United States.
Recommendations
Ending Impunity and Ensuring Accountability
To hold all those responsible, politically, militarily, economically, and ideologically, perpetrators, supporters, enablers,
and complicit parties fully accountable by every lawful means and to the fullest extent of the law.
To suspend Israel from international organizations and institutions, particularly the United Nations and its affiliates.
To activate UN General Assembly Resolution 377 A(V) (Uniting for Peace) so the UNGA can adopt collective measures
to mandate a protective force for the Palestinian territories and stop the genocide in Gaza, given the UNSC’s failure to
act due to successive U.S. vetoes.
Resisting and Dismantling Oppressive Structures
The Jury reaffirms the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination and to choose their modes of resistance to achieve
liberation, freedom, and independence.
The Jury endorses a global, rights-based strategy to dismantle Zionist structures: identify and map the Zionist regime’s
sources of power and enabling pillars.
The Jury calls for building a worldwide movement that weakens, isolates, and dismantles each source through coordinated
political, legal, economic, academic, cultural, technological, and social action.
To achieve this objective, two main tasks are paramount:
1. Steadfastness and non-displacement. Palestinians—in Gaza, the West Bank including Jerusalem, Palestinian
communities inside the 1948 lines, must remain rooted in their land. There must be no further forced displacement of
Palestinians in exile, particularly refugees across the region. Preventing displacement and sustaining steadfastness are
essential to maintain the struggle.
2. Comprehensive global confrontation. Confront the Zionist movement and regime globally in every sphere—political
and diplomatic; legal and human rights; economic and commercial; media, cultural, intellectual, academic, and
educational; industrial, technological, and scientific; arts, tourism, and sports. This mobilization centers peoples,
movements, parties, unions, civil-society organizations, and individuals so that solidarity becomes power, normalization
is resisted, and the Zionist project is besieged on all fronts.
The Jury affirms that the struggle is with Zionism as a racist, supremacist, settler-colonial enterprise—not with Jews or
Judaism. The strategic horizon is a single rights-based political order grounded in equality, decolonization, restitution, and
the unfettered right of return. Only this course can end the ongoing genocide and open a path to a just and durable peace
for all who live in Palestine and beyond.
We issue this statement in the name of justice, dignity, and peace, and in remembrance of all those who have perished in
Gaza and throughout Palestine.
Silence is not neutral; silence is complicity; neutrality is surrender to evil.
In solidarity with the people of Gaza and in memory of all victims of genocide,
The Jury of Conscience (alphabetically)
Prof. Sami Al-Arian
Prof. Christine Chinkin
Dr. Ghada Karmi
Author Kenize Mourad
Prof. Chandra Muzaffar
Prof. Biljana Vankovska
Global Justice in the 21st Century 
Kiddushin: 2nd sugya of the Gemara on the Av Mishna. The Mishna codified in 210 CE, more than four Centuries before Muhammad!!!!!!!
דף ג. אבל צריך לחזור — דתנן: וקונה את עצמה בשתי דרכים. מניינא דרישא למעוטי מאי מניינא דסיפא למעוטי מאי מניינא דרישא למעוטי חופה?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
This question over חופה addressed in Aramaic, the language of the kabbalah. The mention of חופה, particularly significant to contrast with the language of the Mishna האשה נקנית בשלש דרכים. Just as the Gemara interprets the language of the Mishna as a restriction on an immature baby so too the Gemara likewise restricts חופה as a means to achieve the mitzva of קידושין, even applicable to women who have developed the minimum of maturity.
Why the cloak and dagger Gemara Aramaic methodology? The Gemara often engages in multiple layers of interpretation, allowing for various readings of a Mishnaic text. This encourages rigorous debate and facilitates a more profound understanding of legal and ethical principles. The use of Aramaic can create a distancing effect that emphasizes the complexity of legal reasoning. Maturity critical in Jewish law, where varying degrees of maturity and capability significantly impact legal status.
In Jewish law, חופה signifies the act of marriage, while the כתובה protect the dignity of the woman. Marriage contracts, they outline the husband’s obligations to his wife. The chuppah ceremony serves not only as a public declaration of the marriage but also as a condition for the validity of the ketubah. The chuppah serves to formalize the marriage, making the couple halachically husband and wife. A man cannot achieve the mitzva of קידושין through חופה. Chuppah is a key ceremony that marks the beginning of the marital relationship.
The chuppah, crucial as it symbolizes the couple’s new home and serves as the public declaration of their union. It represents a shift from individual status to marital status. During the chuppah ceremony, the couple stands under a canopy, signaling the formalization of their marriage. This act is vital for the halachic recognition of the couple as husband and wife. The ketubah publicly read while the couple stands under the חופה. The mitzva of חופה learns from tallit wherein a man covers his head and upper body when he dav’vens tefillat קריא שמע. The בנין אב יסודי (hence the Aramaic language) the Mishkan.
The Torah instructs that if a person dies within a tent, all contents within the tent become Av tuma. The mitzva of קידושין makes a logical דיוק\inference. Standing in the shade of the חופה או טלית an Israel can elevate a toldot קום ועשה מצוה שלא צריך כוונה להזימן גרמא מצוה שנזקוק כוונה. Time-oriented Av commandments constitute as a מלאכה which creates יש מאין מלאכים. Toldot secondary commandments do not create מלאכים.
The mitzva of both חופה וטלית like a tent can elevate secondary Torah precedent commandments to Av tohor time-oriented commandments. A huge chiddush. The chuppah represents a significant moment in Jewish marriage, symbolizing the establishment of a home. It is a public and ceremonial act that signifies the formalization of a couple’s commitment. The טלית worn only by married men in Ashkenazi tradition, during tefillah. And signifies the commandments, aiming to elevate the wearer spiritually, to remember the 3 separate oaths sworn by the Avot to cut the brit which eternally creates the Chosen Cohen seed of the Avot.
The concept that both chuppah and tallit can be likened to the בנין אב Mishkan – the designated space for the revelation of the Shekinah. This suggests that by engaging in acts of chuppah and wearing a tallit, individuals can imbue תולדות קום ועשה ושב ולא תעשה מצוות וגם כל ההלכות שבתוך התלמוד into Av Torah time-oriented commandments which possess the holiness to create מלאכים יש מאין.
Herein the distinction between the white and blue tzitzit of tallit. The white threads cause a man to remember all the mitzvot of the Torah revelation at Sinai, (inclusive of the Oral Torah Talmudic halachot) cause Israel to remember the 3 distinct oaths sworn by the Avot wherein the Brit eternally obligates HaShem to create the chosen Cohen people in all generations despite pogroms or the recent terrible Shoah Wilderness generation שאין להם חלק בעולם הבא.
The chuppah, while critical in marriage ceremonies, serves as a subsidiary or supporting aspect to the primary methods of acquisition. Chuppah and ketubah create a legal foundation for marriage, establishing principles that protect the dignity of the wife. The tallit provides a constant reminder of the commandments, paralleling the functions of the chuppah by creating a space for divine interaction. Both the chuppah and tallit serve as בניני אבות to understand the revelation of the Mishkan, they all, so to speak, create sacred spaces for the Shekinah. The white threads cause a father to remember the oaths sworn by the Avot. The Techelet threads of the tallit cause the children born into the future to likewise remember the oaths sworn by the Avot to cut the oath brit which continuously creates the Chosen Cohen people.
מדרש רבה פרשה ט:ד — רבי חמא בר חנינא ורבי יונתן: רבי חמא בר חנינא אמר משל למלך שבנה פלטין ראה אותה וערבה לו. אמר פלטין פלטין הלואי תהא מעלת חן לפני בכל עת בשם שהעלית חן לפני בשעה זו. כך אמר הקב”ה לעולמו עולמי עולמי. הלואי תהא מעלת חן לפני בכל עת כשם שהעלית חן לפני בשעה זו. רבי יונתן אמר למלך שהיה משיא את בתו ועשה לה חופה ובית סיידה וכיירה וציירה. וראה אותה וערבה לו. אמר לה בתי הלואי תהיה החופה הזאת מעלת חן לפני בכל עת כשם שהעלית חן לפני בשעה הזו. כך אמר הקב”ה לעולמו עולמי עולמי. הלואי תהא מעלת חן לפני בכל עת כשם שהעלית חן לפני בשעה הזו
The 5th Oral Torah middah employed in this context as “found favor in my eyes”. Hence, may the Kallah find favor in the eyes of her new Husband like the musical Play: Wicked — ‘I have been changed for “GOOD”‘. Good in this context means תמיד or “permanently”.